关键词: 心力衰竭, 临床特点, 治疗, 儿童

Abstract: Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart，which result in limited cardiac contraction and/or filling，and cardiac output cannot meet the body′s demand.Heart failure is one of the common critical diseases in children.Since all organs of children are not yet mature，if heart failure cannot be corrected，all organs are more likely to be damaged,leading to complications and sequelae，which not only seriously jeopardize children′s lives and health，but also bring heavy medical burden to families and society due to difficulty in treatment and poor prognosis.The etiology，pathophysiological characteristics，and treatments of heart failure in children are very different from those of adult heart failure.The main cause of heart failure in children is congenital cardiovascular abnormalities，while other causes include myocarditis，cardiomyopathy，and coronary artery abnormalities.Adrenergic receptor expression levels，miRNA profiles，and expression of genes associated with myocardial abnormalities differ between children and adults.The treatment for heart failure in children includes etiologic treatment，pharmacotherapy，cell-based therapy，and auxiliary device therapies.Treatment and long-term management regimens for heart failure in children are more challenging than those in adults.This article will review the epidemiology，etiology，pathophysiological features，and treatment of heart failure in children.

Key words:

Heart failure, Clinical features, Treatment, Children