Abstract: Objective：To analyze the distribution characteristics of intestinal flora in obese preschool children, and study the related factors of obesity in preschool children.Methods：A total of 60 obese preschool children receiving physical examination in the hospital between July and December 2019 were selected as the observation group. Meanwhile, 120 healthy children were selected as the healthy control group by cluster sampling method. Intestinal floras of the two groups were detected and comparatively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed to study the factors related to obesity in preschool children.Results：The level of Proteobacteria in intestines of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group, and the level of Bifidobacterium was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that birth weight, sleep time, eating speed, exercise amount, feeding pattern, obesity of parents, and dietary habits were factors related to obesity in preschool children(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that eating speed, exercise amount, feeding pattern, obesity of parents and dietary habits were influencing factors of obesity in preschool children (P<0.05).Conclusion：Effective interventions for diets of preschool children should be carried out based on the risk factors to reduce the incidence of obesity in preschool children.

Key words: Obesity, Intestinal flora, Risk factor, Preschool children