Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a most common chronic neurodevelopmental disease in children and adolescents. It is a highly genetic disease, but not all risk factors are genetic. It is estimated that 10% to 40% differences are related to environmental factors, and are the result of the co-action of genetic and environmental factors. At present, the specific pathogenesis is still not clear, but multiple risk factors can lead to the increase of its incidence. Therefore, it is of great significance to the early diagnosis and prevention of ADHD to study the risk factors of its incidence. This paper discusses the association between incidence of ADHD and the following factors: parents' age at pregnancy and mothers being obese before pregnancy, mental disorder of mothers during pregnancy, fever, abnormal thyroid function, preeclampsia and asthma, material exposure during pregnancy and preschool period, low education level of parents, low family income, improper raising and educational methods, and mild brain damage. The aim is to guide the clinicians to reduce exposure and provide references for the later studies. Regarding the above-mentioned high-risk factors, the necessary measures to reduce the incidence of ADHD in children and adolescents include: to strengthen health care during pregnancy, to build harmonious family relationship, to avoid brain function damage and exposure of related materials in preschool period, and to treat primary diseases. ADHD is the result of multiple factors acting together, so it is necessary to manage the incidence of ADHD from multiple aspects.

Key words:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Risk factors, Children